- Introduction
1. Heat and temperature are hugely important to the way our bodies function
2. Energy dependency → global warming- how does this work?
3. Energy crisis contradicts the conservation of energy theorem
4. Heat and energy can be explained at a particle level (that's what we'll look at) - Temperature and Thermometers
1. Temperature definition
a. Related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance, measured in degrees (Kelvin, Celsius, or Fahrenheit), measure of "hotness" or "coldness," basically how we perceive thermal energy
b. What the thermometer reads
2. How thermometers work
a. When a substance gets hotter, its volume increases. The increase in volume is directly proportional to the increase in height in the thermometer.
b. Calibration- placed in freezing water for 0 degree mark, boiling water for 100 degree mark, then divided evenly
3. Above thermometer is a centigrade thermometer- 0 as freezing, 100 as boiling, goes with Celsius scale (used by most of the world except the US)
4. Fahrenheit scale- 32 is freezing, 212 is boiling, named for Daniel Fahrenheit
5. Conversions
a. Fahrenheit to Celsius- °C = (°F - 32°)/1.8
b. Celsius to Fahrenheit- °F= 1.8•°C + 32°
6. The Kelvin scale- ask about this - Thermometers as Speedometers
1. Vibrational kinetic energy
2. Rotational kinetic energy
3. Translational kinetic energy- when matter is moving